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Explaining Inheritance in c++ language

 

 Inheritance in c++ programming language :


 Inheritance in C++ programming language ->
    Inheritance help us to derive characteristic from another class and us it is the one of the most important feature of object oriented programming

    we called 
    Existing = old class = parent class = base class
    New class = child class = Derived class

    ##Syntax - ##
    class base_class{
        ..
    };
    //  Visiblity_Mode - Private , Public ,Protected
    class derived_class:Visiblity_Mode base_class
    {
        ..
    };

Type of inheritance - 
1.Single 
2.Multilevel 
3.Multiple
4.Hierarchical
5.Hybrid


1.Single -
single inheritance means there are one parent class and one in child class by using inheritance syntax .
Example -

 Let take there is a two class one is class A and one is class B in it class A was a parent class and class B was a child class so B inherit A .

syntax -
class first
{
..
};
class second:public first{
..
};


2. multilevel inheritance -
There are multilevel inheritance lets take example so there are three class A, B, C here B class is the parent of C class and A class is the parent of B class.
Example -
There are three class in a program class A , class B , class C so class A is parent class of class B and class B is a parent of derived class C this is multilevel inheritance
syntax -
class first
{
..
};
class second:public first{
..
};
class three:public second{
..
};

3.Multiple inheritance - 
Multiple class are the base class of new class let explain it by syntax.
Example -
There are three class in a program class A1 and class A2 are both is a parent class of derived class B 

Syntax -
class A1
{
..
};
class A2
{
..
};
class B:public A1,public A2
{
..
};

4.Hierarchical inheritance - 
Two or more child class can access the parent class by using inheritance.
Example -
There are three class in a program class A ,class B1, class B2  A is parent class of both B1 and B2 so this is a hierarchical inheritance 

Syntax - 
class A1
{
..
};
class B1:public A
{
..
};
class B2:public A
{
.. 
};

5.Hybrid inheritance -
It is combination of more than one type of inheritance.
Syntax - 
class First
{
..
};

class second:Public First
{
..
};

class Third
{
..
};

class fourth:public second,public Third
{
..
};

###Visibilty Modes in inheritance -->

// Visibility modes

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Base class

class first {
public:
    int x;


protected:
    int y;

private:
    int z;
};

// Derived class
class second : public first {
};

int main()
{
    second obj;
    cout<<"Enter the value"<<endl;
    cin>>obj.x;
    // x is public
    // so its value will be printed
    cout << obj.x << endl;

    // y is protected
    // so it will give visibility error
    cout << obj.y << endl;
    
    // z is not accessible from second 
    // so it will give visibility error
    cout << obj.z << endl;
    return 0;
};


##Public -
It can access directly because it is visible for all

##Private - 
It cannot access to derived class because it is private member

##Protected -
It is only access by derived class


PROGRAM OF INHERITANCE -

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base class
class first
{
public:
    int a;
};

// derived class
class second:public first
{
    public:
    int b;
};

int main()
{
    second obj;
    obj.b=5;
    obj.a=70;
    cout<<"second b "<<obj.b<<endl;
    cout<<"first a "<<obj.a<<endl;
    return 0;
}

output -->>

second b 5
one a 70

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